Friday, May 7, 2010

Parapsychology

परामनोविज्ञान

  • There are several phenomena like such as telepathy, clairvoyance, extrasensory perception etc. which cannot be explained by the known laws of science

    संसार में दूरानुभूति, अतीन्द्रिय दृष्टि, अतीन्द्रिय बोध आदि जैसी अनेक अद्भुत घटनाएँ होती हैं।.

  • Most people experience unusual events in their life which can not be explained by the application of known psychological principles.

    अधिकतर व्यक्ति अपने जीवनकाल में अनेकों असामान्य बातों का अनुभव करते हैं, जिन्हे ज्ञात भौतिक नियमों से समझा नहीं जा सकता।

  • There are many paranormal phenomena which are beyond psychology.

    अनेक बातें हैं जो कि विज्ञान तथा मनोविज्ञान से परे हैं।

  • The scientific study of such types of phenomena or events is called parapsychology.

    उपरोक्त प्रकार की बातों तथा घटनाओं का वैज्ञानिक अध्ययन ही परामनोविज्ञान कहलाता है।
  • Hence parapsychology is the scientific investigation and, in some cases, treatment of supernormal phenomena such as telepathy, clairvoyance, extrasensory perception etc.

    अतः परामनोविज्ञान दूरानुभूति, अतीन्द्रिय दृष्टि, अतीन्द्रिय बोध आदि जैसी अद्भुत घटनाओं के विषय में अनुसंधान है।

  • In other words parapsychology is the study of paranormal phenomena.

    दूसरे शब्दों में कहा जाये तो परामनोविज्ञान अपसामान्य घटनाओं का अध्ययन है।

  • Parapsychology is related with study of that which cannot yet be explained; psychic or occult phenomena, such as telepathy and ghosts.

    परामनोविज्ञान का सीधा सम्बंध गुप्त शक्तियों या घटनाओं जैसे कि दूरानुभूति, भूत-प्रेत आदि, जिन्हें अब तक समझा नहीं जा सका है, के अध्ययन से है।

  • Parapsychology is a branch of psychology.

    परामनोविज्ञान मनोविज्ञान की एक शाखा है।

  • The term parapsychology was first time used in or before 1889 by psychologist Max Dessoir.

    परामनोविज्ञान शब्द का सर्वप्रथम प्रयोग सन् 1889 के पूर्व मनोवैज्ञानिक मैक्स डैसोर के द्वारा किया गया था।

  • It was adopted by J.B. Rhine in the 1930s

    सन् 1930 में इस शब्द को जे.बी. रिने के द्वारा अपना लिया गया।

  • The term parapsychology is made by combination of the Greek word "para", meaning "alongside", and psychology.

    पैरासाइकोलॉजी (परामनोविज्ञान) शब्द ग्रीक के "पैरा" (अलग-थलग) शब्द और "साइकोलॉजी" शब्द के मेल से बना है।

 

    History of Parasychology
    परामनोविज्ञान का इतिहास

  • American psychologist and philosopher William James (1842–1910) was an early psychical researcher in the field of parapsychology..

    अमेरिन मनोवैज्ञानिक तथा विचारक विलियम जेम्स (1842-1910) परामनोविज्ञान के क्षेत्र में प्रथम शोधकर्ता थे।

  • The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) was founded in London in 1882. The formation of the SPR was the first systematic effort to organize scientists and scholars for a critical and sustained investigation of paranormal phenomena.

    लंदन में सन् 1882 में "द सोसाइटी फार साइकिकल रिसर्च" (SPR) की स्थापना हुई जो कि संगठित विद्वानों के द्वारा अपसामान्य घटनाओं के अध्ययन का प्रथम प्रयास था।

  • The early membership of the SPR included philosophers, scholars, scientists, educators and politicians, such as Henry Sidgwick, Arthur Balfour, William Crookes, Rufus Osgood Mason and Charles Richet.

    हेनरी सिड्गविक, आर्थर बाल्फर, विलियम क्रूक्स जैसे विद्वान, विचारक, वैज्ञानि, शिक्षाशास्त्री आदि SPR के शुरुवाती सदस्य थे।

  • In 1911, Stanford University became the first academic institution in the United States to study extrasensory perception (ESP) and psychokinesis (PK) in a laboratory setting.

    सन् 1911 में स्टेनफोर्ड विश्वविद्यालय अपसामान्य घटनाओं का अध्ययन करने वाला प्रथम शैक्षणिक संस्थान बना।

 

  • As a consequence of the ESP experiments at Duke, standard laboratory procedures for the testing of ESP developed and came to be adopted by interested researchers throughout the world.



  • The publication of J.B. Rhine's book, New Frontiers of the Mind (1937) brought the laboratory's findings to the general public. In his book, Rhine popularized the word "parapsychology".



  • Parapsychologists study a number of ostensible paranormal phenomena, including but not limited to:



    1. Telepathy: Transfer of information on thoughts or feelings between individuals by means other than the five classical senses.



    2. Precognition: Perception of information about future places or events before they occur.



    3. Clairvoyance: Obtaining information about places or events at remote locations, by means unknown to current science.



    4. Psychokinesis: The ability of the mind to influence matter, time, space, or energy by means unknown to current science.



    5. Reincarnation: The rebirth of a soul or other non-physical aspect of human consciousness in a new physical body after death.



    6. Hauntings: Phenomena often attributed to ghosts and encountered in places a deceased individual is thought to have frequented, or in association with the person's former belongings.

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