Thursday, June 30, 2011

NASA Envisions Alien Worlds

     
NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC-Caltech)

NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC-Caltech)

Out of the Dust, a Planet is Born
In this artist's conception, a possible newfound planet spins through a clearing, detected around the star CoKu Tau 4 by the Spitzer Space Telescope, in a nearby star's dusty, planet-forming disc. The possible planet is theorized to be at least as massive as Jupiter, and may have a similar appearance to what the giant planets in our own solar system looked like billions of years ago.
 
NASA/ESA/G. Bacon (STScI)

NASA/ESA/G. Bacon (STScI)

Hubble Spots Possible New Moons Around Pluto
The artist's concept above shows the Pluto system from the surface of one of the candidate moons. The other members of the Pluto system are just above the moon's surface. Pluto is the large disk at center, right. Charon, the system's only confirmed moon, is the smaller disk to the right of Pluto. The other candidate moon is the bright dot on Pluto's far left. Click image for full resolution.
 
ESA/C.Carreau

ESA/C.Carreau

Steaming Hot Planet
This artist's impression shows a gas-giant exoplanet transiting across the face of its star. Infrared analysis by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope of this type of system provided the breakthrough.The planet, HD 189733b, lies 63 light-years away in the constellation Vulpecula. It was discovered in 2005 as it transited its parent star, dimming the star's light by some three percent.
     
NASA/JPL-Caltech/Harvard-Smithsonian CfA

NASA/JPL-Caltech/Harvard-Smithsonian CfA

Fantastic Four Galaxies with Planet
This artist's concept shows what the night sky might look like from a hypothetical planet around a star tossed out of an ongoing four-way collision between big galaxies (yellow blobs). NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope spotted this "quadruple merger" of galaxies within a larger cluster of galaxies located nearly 5 billion light-years away.Though the galaxies appear intact, gravitational disturbances have caused them to stretch and twist, flinging billions of stars into space, nearly three times as many stars as are in our Milky Way galaxy. The tossed stars are visible in the large plume emanating from the central, largest galaxy. If any of these stars have planets, their night skies would be filled with the monstrous merger, along with other galaxies in the cluster (smaller, bluish blobs).This cosmic smash-up is the largest known merger between galaxies of a similar size. While three of the galaxies are about the size of our Milky Way galaxy, the fourth (center of image) is three times as big. All four of the galaxies, as well as most other galaxies in the huge cluster, are blob-shaped ellipticals instead of spirals like the Milky Way.Ultimately, in about one hundred million years or so, the four galaxies will unite into one. About half of the stars kicked out during the merger will fall back and join the new galaxy, making it one of the biggest galaxies in the universe.
     
NASA/ESA/G. Bacon(STScI)

NASA/ESA/G.Bacon(STScI)

Exoplanet HR 8799b
This is an artistic illustration of the giant planet HR 8799b.The planet was first discovered in 2007 at the Gemini North observatory. It was identified in the NICMOS archival data in a follow-up search of NICMOS archival data to see if Hubble had also serendipitously imaged it.The planet is young and hot, at a temperature of 1500 degrees Fahrenheit. It is slightly larger than Jupiter and may be at least seven times more massive. Analysis of the NICMOS data suggests the planet has water vapor in its atmosphere and is only partially cloud covered. It is not known if the planet has rings or moons, but circumplanetary debris is common among the outer planets of our solar system.
 
NASA/JPL

NASA/JPL

Chemical Soups Around Cool Stars
This artist's conception shows a young, hypothetical planet around a cool star. A soupy mix of potentially life-forming chemicals can be seen pooling around the base of the jagged rocks. Observations from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope hint that planets around cool stars - the so-called M-dwarfs and brown dwarfs that are widespread throughout our galaxy - might possess a different mix of life-forming, or prebiotic, chemicals than our young Earth.
   
ESA

ESA

Huygens on Titan
In 2005 the robotic Huygens probe landed on Titan, Saturn's enigmatic moon, and sent back the first ever images from beneath Titan's thick cloud layers. This artist's impression is based on those images. In the foreground, sits the car-sized lander that sent back images for more than 90 minutes before running out of battery power. The parachute that slowed Huygen's re-entry is seen in the background, still attached to the lander. Smooth stones, possibly containing water-ice, are strewn about the landscape. Analyses of Huygen's images and data show that Titan's surface today has intriguing similarities to the surface of the early Earth.
   
NASA/ESA/G. Bacon(STScI)

NASA/ESA/G. Bacon(STScI)

Flaring Red Dwarf Star
This is an artist's concept of a red dwarf star undergoing a powerful eruption, called a stellar flare. A hypothetical planet is in the foreground. Flares are sudden eruptions of heated plasma that occur when the field lines of powerful magnetic fields in a star's atmosphere "reconnect," snapping like a rubber band and releasing vast amounts of energy equivalent to the power of 100 million atomic bombs exploding simultaneously.Studying the light from 215,000 older red dwarfs collected in observations by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers found 100 stellar flares popping off over the course of a week.
   
NASA/ESA/G. Bacon(STScI)

NASA/ESA/G. Bacon (STScI)

Super-Hot Planet with Unique Comet-Like Tail
Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have confirmed the existence of a baked object that could be called a "cometary planet." The gas giant planet, named HD 209458b, is orbiting so close to its star that its heated atmosphere is escaping into space.Observations taken with Hubble's Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) suggest powerful stellar winds are sweeping the cast-off atmospheric material behind the scorched planet and shaping it into a comet-like tail.
   
NASA/JPL-Caltech

NASA/JPL-Caltech

This Planet Smells Funny
Giant planet GJ 436b in the constellation Leo is missing something--and that something is swamp gas. To the surprise of astronomers who have been studying the Neptune-sized planet using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, GJ 436b has very little methane--an ingredient common to many planets in our own solar system. This artist's concept shows the unusual, methane-free world partially eclipsed by its star.Models of planetary atmospheres indicate that any world with the common mix of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen, and a temperature up to 1,000 Kelvin (1,340 degrees Fahrenheit) should have a large amount of methane and a small amount of carbon monoxide. But at about 800 Kelvin (or 980 degrees Fahrenheit), GJ 436b it does not. The finding demonstrates the diversity of exoplanets and the need for further study.
       
NASA/Kepler Mission/Dana Berry

NASA/Kepler Mission/Dana Berry

An Imagined Canyon on Planet Kepler 10-B
The daytime temperature is expected to be more than 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit, hotter than lava flows here on Earth, hot enough to melt iron! Many years ago, before Kepler launched, members of what became the Kepler team built a robotic telescope at Lick Observatory to learn to do transit photometry-- detecting drops in brightness of stars when planets pass in front of them. We called it the Vulcan Telescope, named after the hypothetical planet that scientists in the 1800's thought might exist between the Sun and Mercury. A planet that might explain the small deviations in Mercury's orbit that were later explained with Einsteins theory of general relativity.Vulcan is the god of fire in Roman mythology, a name befitting of a world so close to the Sun. The artists rendering of Kepler-10b is reminiscent of that hypothetical planet Vulcan. The Kepler team came full circle in its quest. We know that we've only begun to imagine the possibilities.
   
NASA/Kepler Mission/Dana Berry

NASA/Kepler Mission/Dana Berry

Imagined View from Planet Kepler 10-B
Kepler-10b orbits one of the 150,000 stars that the Kepler spacecraft is monitoring, a star that is very similar to our own Sun in temperature, mass and size, but older with an age of over 8 billion years, compared to the 4-and-1/2 billion years of our own Sun. It is one of the brighter stars that Kepler is monitoring and about 560 light years from our solar system, which means when the light from this star began its journey toward Earth, European navigators were crossing the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in search of new horizons. Today, we are still exploring and our crow's nest is a space telescope called Kepler. One day, the oceans we cross will be the galaxy itself, but for now, we imagine the worlds we discover by putting all that we have learned from our observations and analyses into the fingers of artists.Kepler-10b must be a scorched world, orbiting at a distance that is more than 20 times closer to its star than Mercury is to our own Sun, with a daytime temperature expected to be more than 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit.The Kepler team has determined that Kepler-10b is a rocky planet, with a surface you could stand on, a mass 4.6 times that of Earth, anda diameter 1.4 times that of Earth.
   

Friday, June 17, 2011

How To happiness



You may be of those cynics who believe that happiness is an over rated emotion but according to psychiatrists, it is not very difficult to attain the state of bliss.

In the third decade of the last century, an Austrian psychiatrist named W Beran Wolfe summed up his life's philosophy with, "If you observe a really happy man, you will find him building a boat, writing a symphony, educating his son, growing double dahlias in his garden, or looking for dinosaur eggs in the Gobi Desert."


Wolfe may not be completely wrong because little things make you inch towards the feeling of contentment. So here are few shortcuts to happiness.


  • Plan your vacations in advance

Nothing releases endorphins quicker than planning a vacation. According to a study published in the journal of Applied Research in Quality of ,the largest boost in happiness comes from the simple act of planning a vacation and the effect of vacation anticipation boosted happiness for eight weeks.

  • Try one new thing every month

Hobbies are a great way to boost your mood. No only does it take your mind away from the drudgery of life, it also helps you make friends. By diversifying your hobbies to include larger social activities, you'll have more chances of finding contentment.

  • Hit the snooze button

You don't have to plan for an eight hour nap. Research shows that short snaps have the power to improve your mood and make you more attentive. In a recent study, researchers at NASA have found that a 30-minute power nap increased cognitive faculties by almost 40 percent! So go ahead and indulge in a snooze break for overall health.


  • Get your dose of vitamin D

At least ten minutes of soaking in early morning light can lift your spirits immensely and it will help you stay away from SAD (seasonal affective disorder ) Basking in the sun also produces endorphins which relieve pain, produce euphoria and gives you sudden bursts of energy.

  • Have sex

We don't need to tell you this for sure. Though it is not clear whether more sex directly equals more happiness or if happier people just tend to have more sex. Either way, though, it's hard to imagine people frowning during the act.


 

  • Exercise

Always treat exercise as non negotiable. Working out stimulates the production of endorphins, the chemical substances produced by the body that makes you feel happy and exhilarated. So whether you're trying to lose weight or simply stretching your muscles, exercise should always be on the table.

  • Switch off

No matter how much neck deep you are at work, it is necessary to take breaks every now and then. Switch off completely and do anything- go for a walk, listen to music, meditate, or try some deep breathing exercises. Include some method of relaxation into your daily routine, you'll be sure to stay refreshed, rejuvenated and revitalized.



Thursday, June 9, 2011

Ready aim hired Interview Tips


Right after a job interview, you could either be supremely confident or faintly worried. Either way, we feel pretty relieved when it is all over. Perceptions about interviews usually depend on the interviewer's likeability and first impressions. It is, therefore, important to remember some statutory courtesies in order to have a positive interaction and favourable result.

After an interview shoot a thank you email or letter
Many interviewees think that once the face-to-face interview is over, the interview process is complete. However, this is not the case. The job interview is just the beginning. Once the personal interview is done, the company mulls, evaluates and decides the best candidate who would best suit the job profile and company.

Therefore, it is a good idea to remain in touch with the interviewer and the company in general. One of the best ways to do so is to drop them a ?Thank You? note. If you have been in touch with company or interviewer via e-mail, then one should email such a note within 24 hours after the interview. Interviewers have short memories. So, this is your final chance to stand apart from all of the others who want the same position.

Follow up after the interview when there is no response
How long should you wait before you call the company or interviewer? Usually, if there is no response within sometime, you will start worrying about whether it is appropriate to call back and check hiring status.

When to call
Post-interview it is best to give a gap of two to three days before you make the first follow up call. One of the most important things to keep in mind during the call is that one should be succinct and brief. Another important aspect is to chalk out a time when to call. The best time to call the interviewer is after lunch or an hour before closing time. This will ensure that you have a comfortable time frame to speak to the interviewer.

Whom to call
Interviewees are sometimes confused about who to follow up with after the interview?the human resource team or the interviewer directly. This situation is more confusing if there was more than one interviewer. In such circumstances, it is best to first check with the human resource team on the hiring status.

What to say
Begin the conversation by thanking the person for the opportunity to interview with the company. Recap some of the conversational highlights and clarify any information you need to check on. Use the last paragraph as the chance to state, ?The job is a good fit for me because of XYZ, and my past experience in XYZ.?

Continue your job search
While waiting to hear from the company after the job interview, you should not ignore other interview calls because you are waiting to hear back from the current interview. Even if you are convinced that you have got the job, there can be many slips between the cup and the lip. It is also a good idea to critique your previous performance and use the experience to polish your interviewing skills.



Tuesday, June 7, 2011

Thursday, June 2, 2011

Difference Between 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, Pre-4G and 4G



Difference Between Image and Picture

IMAGE - An image of your self or anyone (Usually taken through Camera)
PICTURE - A Picture is to draw something in the computer/real life.

Difference Between 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, Pre-4G and 4G

1G is the first generation celullar network that existed in 1980s. It transfer data (only voice) in analog wave, it has limitation because there are no encryption, the sound quality is poor and the speed of transfer is only at 9.6kbps. 

2G is the second one, improved by introducing the concept of digital modulation, which means converting the voice(only) into digital code(in your phone) and then into analog signals(imagine that it flys in the air). Being digital, they overcame some of the limitations of 1G, such as it omits the radio power from handsets making life more healthier, and it has enhanced privacy.

2.5G is a transition of 2G and 3G. In 2.5G, the most popular services like SMS (short messaging service), GPRS, EDGE, High Speed Circuit switched data, and more had been introduced.

3G is the current generation of mobile telecommunication standards. It allows simultaneous use of speech and data services and offers data rates of up to 2 Mbps, which provide servcies like video calls, mobile TV, mobile Internet and downloading. There are a bunch of technologies that fall under 3G, like WCDMA, EV-DO, and HSPA and others. 

In telecommunications, 4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to the 3G and 2G families of standards. In 2008, the ITU-R organization specified the IMT-Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced) requirements for 4G standards, setting peak speed requirements for 4G service at 100 Mbit/s for high mobility communication (such as from trains and cars) and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility communication (such as pedestrians and stationary users)

A 4G system is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure all-IP based mobile broadband solution to laptop computer wireless modems, smartphones, and other mobile devices. Facilities such as ultra-broadband Internet access, IP telephony, gaming services, and streamed multimedia may be provided to users.

PRE-4G technologies such as mobile WiMAX and Long term evolution (LTE) have been on the market since 2006 and 2009 respectively, and are often branded as 4G. The current versions of these technologies did not fulfill the original ITU-R requirements of data rates approximately up to 1 Gbit/s for 4G systems. Marketing materials use 4G as a description for LTE and Mobile-WiMAX in their current forms.

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Definition of above mentioned terms/words are taken from different professionals and web sources.
It is possible that you may found some differences in the above definitions as it depend on professional to professional. In this case, you may share your views with us or you can search through Internet for more clarification

 
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